Methylene Blue adsorption utilizing kluwak shell carbon adsorbent Adsorpsi Methylene Blue Menggunakan Adsorben Karbon Tempurung Kluwak

Abstract

Kluwak shell carbon (KTK) is an eco-friendly adsorbent made from kluwak fruit biomass. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of physical activation on KOH-activated kluwak shell carbon (KTKOH) within the temperature range of 500 - 900 ^oC, and to compare it with H₃PO₄-activated KTK (KTKH₃PO₄) and KTK. The performance of the adsorbent was evaluated by determining the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of Methylene Blue (MB) using the Langmuir equation and the surface area of the Brunnaeur Emmet and Teller (BET) method. The Methylene Blue batch system was subjected to isotherm adsorption for 90 minutes, with a stirring speed of 220 rpm, 0.25 grams of adsorbent, and 50 ml at 6 concentrations of MB ranging from 60 to 200 ppm. The study found that the adsorbent performance can be improved by combining chemical and physical activation at temperatures ranging from 500 to 800 ^oC. KTKOH and KTKH₃PO₄ at 700 ^oC increased the adsorbent's qm and surface area. The maximum adsorption capacity and surface area were achieved of KTKOH700 and KTKH₃PO₄700 at a higher temperature than KTK. The study found that the optimal condition for adsorption capacity was achieved for KTKOH700, resulting in a maximum adsorption capacity value of 44.47 mg/g and a surface area of 269.74 m²/g, KTKH₃PO₄700 activation resulted in a qm of 59.55 mg/g and A of 427.26 m²/g. The kluwak shell carbon had a maximum adsorption capacity value of 30.75 mg/g and a surface area of 166.21 m²/g.

Abstrak
Karbon tempurung kluwak (KTK) merupakan adsorben ramah lingkungan yang berasal dari biomassa buah kluwak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivasi fisika pada karbon tempurung kluwak teraktivasi KOH (KTKOH) kisaran suhu 500 – 900 ^oC dan membandingkan dengan KTK teraktivasi H₃PO₄ (KTKH₃PO₄) dan KTK. Kinerja adsorben ditentukan melalui penentukan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum (qm) Methylene Blue (MB) menggunakan persamaan langmuir dan luas permukaan metode Brunnaeur Emmet and Teller (BET). Isotherm adsorptionMethylene Blue sistem batch selama 90 menit, kecepatan pengadukan 220 rpm, 0.25-gram adsorben dan 50 ml pada 6 konsentrasi MB range 60-200 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi aktivasi kimia dan aktivasi fisika pada suhu 500 – 800 ^oC dapat meningkatkan kinerja adsorben. Aktivitasi KTKOH dan KTKH₃PO₄ pada 700^oC juga meningkatkan qm serta luas permukaan adsorben. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum dan luas permukaan untuk KTKOH700 dan H₃PO₄700  lebih tinggi dibandingkan KTK. Kondisi optimal penelitian bahwa kombinasi aktivasi KTKOH700 memiliki nilai kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum 44.47 mg/g dengan luas permukaan 269.74 m²/g dan KTKH₃PO₄700 didapatkan qm sebesar 59.55 mg/g serta A seluas 427.26 m₂/g. Nilai qm 30.75 mg/g dan A sebesar 166.21 m²/g untuk karbon tempurung kluwak.